Whereas most infections are non-serious and will pass by themselves, others have the potential to turn deadly if not treated. Identifying serious infection symptoms can make all the difference in the world when it comes to getting treatment in a timely manner and avoiding related problems. Regardless of whether the infection is viral, bacterial, or fungal, there are warning signs that should never be overlooked.
Sustained or Rising Fever
Fever is a normal response to infection, but an extremely high fever (over 104°F or 40°C) or one that lasts longer than three days could indicate a serious infection. A fever of over 100.4°F (38°C) in a baby less than three months old should be attended to immediately by a doctor. Sudden onset of high fever can be due to infection with pneumonia, sepsis, or meningitis.
Rapid Breathing or Difficulty Breathing
Difficulty in breathing, labored or very rapid breathing are warning signs, particularly in children and older adults. Such symptoms could be indicative of severe respiratory infections such as pneumonia or COVID-19. Difficulty in breathing may sometimes reflect that the infection has invaded the lungs or is disseminating through the blood.
Altered Mental State or Confusion
Sudden confusion, confusion, difficulty with staying awake, or unresponsiveness are indicators of a serious medical illness. They may be signs of sepsis, meningitis, or infection that has spread to the brain. Even a urinary tract infection may cause sudden confusion in elderly people, a condition called delirium.
Severe Pain or Swelling
Abnormal or severe pain, particularly when it is localized to a specific location, like the abdomen, chest, or joints, may be indicative of internal abscess or infection. Pain that is associated with redness, swelling, and heat may be a reflection of cellulitis or deep tissue infection.
Tachycardia or Hypotension
Racing heart (tachycardia) or a decrease in blood pressure might be indications that the body is entering septic shock—a life-threatening response to infection. Such indicators usually present with other symptoms such as fever, chills, and shortness of breath and need immediate medical attention.
Unexplained Rash or Skin Changes
Certain rashes caused by infections can be spreading or even purple or red-colored dots on the skin. These can signal meningococcal infection or sepsis. Blistering, peeling, or abnormal skin color also requires immediate assessment.
Vomiting, Diarrhea, or Dehydration
Long-standing vomiting and diarrhea can rapidly cause dehydration, especially in children and the elderly. If they are severe or accompanied by fever, lethargy, or decreased urine output, get immediate medical attention.
Fever with Painful or Burning Urination
A urinary tract infection (UTI) accompanied by fever, pain in the back, or blood in the urine may have developed into a kidney infection, which needs to be treated immediately with antibiotics.
Severe infections may rise rapidly. If you or someone you care for has any of the above symptoms—particularly in conjunction—don't delay. Early diagnosis and treatment may be lifesaving. Trust your gut; it's always best to get medical attention early rather than wait for things to get worse.
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